Pulmonary scedosporium infection as a complication of infliximab therapy for ankylosing spondylitis.

A 47-year-old man with a negative Mantoux test received infliximab 800 mg fortnightly in August 2005 for treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. He developed haemoptysis after receiving the third dose in September 2005 and therefore infliximab was stopped. CT thorax in April 2006 showed evidence of mycetoma at the left upper lobe (fig 1A, B). In view of persistent haemoptysis and radiological deterioration, voriconazole 200 mg daily was started and left upper lobe lobectomy was performed. Histopathology showed caseous granulomatous inflammation, destroyed bronchial wall with inflammatory cell infiltration and fungal mycelium was seen. Culture of the resected tissue grew Scedosporium apiospermum (fig 2A, B). Haemoptysis subsided after surgery.